Direct and Indirect Speech , Kalimat Langsung dan Tidak Langsung Dalam Bahasa Inggris

 

Direct and Indirect Speech Kalimat Langsung dan Tidak Langsung   Direct Speech ( Kalimat langsung) adalah kalimat yang diucapkan langung oleh pembicara dan ditulis apa adanya.   Indirect Speech adalah Kalimat tidak langsung.
Rumus :  Indirect Speech   S + RV + (that) +.......   Reporting Verb /RV( Kata kerja pengantar) :   Said ( mengatakan) Told ( mengatakan) Informed ( memberitahukan) Explained ( menjelaskan )   She said ,” I watched TV yesterday.” Dia berkata, "Saya menonton TV kemarin."   She said  that She had watched TV the day before . Dia mengatakan bahwa Dia telah menonton TV sehari sebelumnya.   Catatan : Sebelum merubah dari kalimat Langsung menjadi tidak langsung maka siswa harus tahu perubahan Verb ,Tempat dan Pronoun Bila Kata Kerja Pengantar dalam bentuk  Past /lampau/ V2 maka untuk Indirect Speechnya mengalami perubahan tenses Bila Kata Kerja Pengantar dalam bentuk  Present / V1 maka untuk indirect speechnya tidak  mengalami perubahan tenses
Verb ( Kata Kerja)
V1			V2	V3			Ving
Answer/answers Menjawab			Answered	Answered			Answering
Study/StudieS Belajar			Studied	Studied			Studying
Watch/Watches Menonton			Watched	Watched			Watching
Write/ WriteS Menulis			Wrote	Written			Writing
Play/PlayS Bermain			Played	Played			Playing
Pass /Passes Lulus			Passed	Passed			Passing
Do/Does Mengerjakan			Did	Done			Doing
1.Perubahan Tense
	Direct Speech				Indirect Speech
1	Simple Present Tense (V1)   She said ,” I watch TV everyday”   Dia berkata, "Saya menonton TV setiap hari"				Simple Past Tense (V2)   She said  that she watched TV everyday   Dia mengatakan bahwa dia menonton TV setiap hari
2	Simple Past Tense (V2)   She said ,” I watched TV yesterday” Dia berkata, "Saya menonton TV kemarin"				Past Perfect Tense (had +V3)   She said  that She had watched TV the day before Dia mengatakan bahwa Dia telah menonton TV sehari sebelumnya
3	Present Cont Tense (is/are+ Ving) She said ,” I  am watching TV now”  Dia berkata, "Saya sedang menonton TV sekarang"				Past Cont Tense ( was/were + Ving) She said  that she was  watching  TV then   Dia mengatakan bahwa dia sedang menonton TV
4	Past Continous Tense ( was/were+Ving) She said ,” I  was watching TV ” Dia berkata, “Saya sedang menonton TV				Past Perfect Continous ( had been+ving) She said  that she had been watching  TV Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah menonton TV
5	Present Future ( Will+ V1)                            She said ,” I  will watch TV tomorrow” Dia berkata, "Saya akan menonton TV besok"				Past Future Tense (Would + V1) She said  that she would watch TV the next day Dia mengatakan bahwa dia akan menonton TV keesokan harinya
6	Present Perfect Tense (have+V3) She said ,” I  have watched TV today” Dia berkata, "Saya telah menonton TV hari ini"				Past Perfect Tense ( had + V3) She said  that she had watched TV that day Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah menonton TV hari itu
7	Present Perfect Cont Tense (have been + Ving)   She said  ,” I  had been watching TV”   Dia berkata, "Saya telah menonton TV"				Past Perfect Cont Tense ( had been + Ving )   She said  that she had  been watching TV   Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah menonton TV
2.Perubahan Keterangan Waktu
1	Today Hari ini				That day Hari itu
2	Now Sekarang				Then Kemudian
3	Tomorrow Besok				The following day Hari berikutnya The next day Hari berikutnya
4	Next week Minggu depan				The week after Seminggu setelah The following week Minggu berikutnya
5	Yesterday Kemarin				The day before Sehari sebelum
6	Last week. Minggu lalu.				The week before Seminggu sebelumnya The previous week Minggu sebelumnya
7	A week ago Seminggu yang lalu				A week before Seminggu sebelumnya The previous week. Minggu sebelumnya
3.Perubahan Keterangan Tempat
1	Here Disini				There Disana
2	This Ini				That Itu
3	These Ini				Those Itu
4.Perubahan  Modal
1	Will Akan				Would Akan
2	Can Bisa				Could Bisa
3	May Mungkin				Might Mungkin
4	Must Harus				Had to Harus
Indirect Speech dengan Kata Tanya   What ( apa) When ( kapan) Whom ( dengan siapa) Which ( yang mana) How ( bagaimana) Maka kalimat tanya dirubah menjadi kalimat berita   S1 +  asked                          + WH + S2  + V          wondered          wanted to know
1	He asked me “ Where did you watch TV yesterday?” Dia bertanya kepada saya " Dimana Anda menonton TV kemarin ?"				He asked me where I had  watched TV the day before. Dia bertanya padaku di mana aku telah  menonton TV sehari sebelumnya.
2	He asked me “ When do you go to school ?’ Dia bertanya padaku "Kapan kamu pergi ke sekolah?"				He asked me  when I went to school. Dia bertanya padaku kapan aku pergi ke sekolah.
3	He asked me “ What are you doing here ?” Dia bertanya padaku "Apa yang kamu lakukan di sini?"				He asked me what I was  doing there Dia bertanya apa yang saya lakukan di sana
Indirect Speech dengan pertanyaan jawaban Yes / No   Pertanyaan yang  dimulai  dengan Kata kerja bantu diawal kalimat: Do/does/did (apakah) Is/am/are/was/were ( apakah) Has/have/had ( telahkah) Will/would (akankah) Can/could ( dapatkah) May/might ( bolehkah) Must ( haruskah)   Maka kata kerja pengantarnya :   If / Whether ( apakah)
1	He asked me “  Are you happy  here ?” Dia bertanya padaku, "Apakah kamu senang di sini?"				He asked me  whether I was  happy  there   Dia bertanya padaku apakah aku bahagia di sana
2	He asked me “  Did you study english last night ? ” Dia bertanya kepada saya, “Apakah kamu belajar bahasa Inggris tadi malam? ”				He asked me whether I studied english the night before Dia bertanya padaku apakah aku belajar bahasa Inggris pada malam sebelumnya
3	Anton asked me,” Do you like a glass of milk ? Anton tanya padaku, “Apakah kamu suka segelas susu?				Anton asked me whether I liked a glass of milk Anton bertanya padaku apakah aku suka segelas susu
Indirect speech berbentuk Perintah ( Imperative) /Larangan   Rumus : S + Imperative   + to + V1 ( positive)                               not + to V1 ( negative)     Kata Pengantar Imperative : Ordered ( memerintah) , Asked ( meminta), Told (memberi tahu), Begged ( memohon)
1	My teacher said ,” Clean the the board  !” Guru saya berkata, "Bersihkan papan!"				Father asked me to clean the board Ayah memintaku untuk membersihkan papan
2	Mother said ,” Don’t forget to bring an umbrella !” Ibu berkata, "Jangan lupa bawa payung!"				Mother asked me not to forget to bring an umbrella Ibu memintaku untuk tidak lupa membawa payung
Catatan : Jika kalimat pengantarnya present ( says) maka  tenses didalam Indirect Speech tidak mengalami perubahan tense
1	Ridwan says ,” I am happy”				Ridwan says (that) she is happy
Verb Related to Direct & Indirect Speech Kata kerja berkaitan dengan   Kalimat Langsung dan Tidak Langsung
1		Advise-Advised-Advised				Tiba
2		Allow-Allowed-Allowed				Mengizinkan
3		Accompany-Accompanied-Accompanied				Menemani
4		Arrive - Arrived – Arived				Datang
5		Ask-Asked-Asked				Menanyakan
6		Attack - Attacked – Attacked				Menyerang
7		Attend - Attended –Attended				Menghadiri
8		Beg-Begged-Begged				Meminta
9		Buy-Bought-Bought				Membeli
10		Borrow- Borrowed-Borrowed				Meminjam
11		Call-Called-Called				Memangil
12		Catch - Caught – Caught				Menangkap
13		Come - Came – Come				Datang
14		Cook-Cooked-Cooked				Memasak
15		Cover - Covered – Covered				Menutup
16		Deliver-Dilivered-Delivered				Minum
17		Drink - Drank – Drunk				Minum
18		Drive- Drove –Driven				Mengendarai
19		Eat - Ate – Eaten				Makan
20		Enjoy-Enjoyed-Enjoyed				Masuk
21		Enter - Entered – Entered				Memasuki
22		Fail - Failed – Failed				Gagal
23		Finish - Finished – Finished				Menyelesaikan
24		Fly-Flew-Flown				Terbang
25		Forget-Forgot –Forgotten				Melupakan
26		Give - Gave – Given				Memberi
27		Go - Went – Gone				Pergi
28		Get-Got _ Gotten				Memperoleh
29		Hear-Heard -Heard				Mendengar
30		Help - Helped – Helped				Membantu
31		Invite - Invited –Invited				Mengundang
32		Know - Knew – Known				Mengetahui
33		Keep-Kept-Kept				Menjaga
34		Live-Lived-Lived				Mengirim surat
35		Mail-Mailed-Mailed				Mengeposkan
36		Make-Made-Made				Membuat
37		Need - Needed – Needed				Memelukan
38		Order- Ordered – Ordered				Memesan
39		Play-Played-Played				Merencanakan
40		Plan - Planned – Planned				Merencanakan
41		Read-Read-read				Membaca
42		Remember - Remembered –Remembered				Mengingat
43		Return-Returned-Returned				Mengembalikan
44		Say - Said – Said				Mengatakan
45		Scream-Screamed-Screamed				Berteriak
46		See - Saw –Seen				Melihat
47		Send - Sent – Sent				Mengirim
48		Sing - Sang – Sung				Menyayi
49		Sleep - Slept – Slept				Tidur
50		Speak - Spoke – Spoken				Berbicara
51		Stare-Stared-Stared				Menatap
52		Stay-Stayed-Stayed				Tinggal
53		Stop-Stopped-stopped				Berhenti
54		Study-Studied-Studied				Belajar
55		Take-Took-Taken				Membawa
56		Talk-Talked-Talked				Berbicara
57		Tell-Told-told				Menceritakan
59		Think-Thought –Thought				Berpikir
60		Turn -Turned –Turned				Berubah
61		Understand-Understood-Understood				Mengerti
62		Visit-Visited-Visited				Menang
63		Want-Wanted-Wanted
64		Watch-Watched-Watched				Menonton
65		Win -Won –Won				Menang
66		Warn-Warned-Warned				Memperingatkan
67		Wonder-Wondered-Wondered				Heran
68		Work-Worked-Worked				Bekerja
Alamat kami :   Gadjah Mada English School ( GMES)   Jl. Kadipaten Kulon No. 27 B , Kraton Yogyakarta   Phone / HP/ WA : 0812 274 7050   Website : gmesenglish.blogspot.com           Bantuan Transportasi :   Google Map          : tulis “ gmes english “ GO-JEK                 : tulis “ gmes english ” Grab                       : tulis ” gmes english ” Alamat kami :   Gadjah Mada English School ( GMES)   Jl. Kadipaten Kulon No. 27 B , Kraton Yogyakarta   Phone / HP/ WA : 0812 274 7050   Website : gmesenglish.blogspot.com           Bantuan Transportasi :   Google Map          : tulis “ gmes english “ Gojek                    : tulis “ gmes english ” Grab                       : tulis ” gmes english ”

 

 

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