Direct and Indirect Speech Kalimat Langsung dan Tidak Langsung
Direct Speech ( Kalimat langsung) adalah kalimat yang diucapkan langung oleh pembicara dan ditulis apa adanya.
Indirect Speech adalah Kalimat tidak langsung.
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Rumus : Indirect Speech
S + RV + (that) +.......
Reporting Verb /RV( Kata kerja pengantar) :
She said ,” I watched TV yesterday.” Dia berkata, "Saya menonton TV kemarin."
She said that She had watched TV the day before . Dia mengatakan bahwa Dia telah menonton TV sehari sebelumnya.
Catatan :
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Verb ( Kata Kerja)
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V1 |
V2 |
V3 |
Ving |
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Answer/answers Menjawab |
Answered |
Answered |
Answering |
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Study/StudieS Belajar |
Studied |
Studied |
Studying |
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Watch/Watches Menonton |
Watched |
Watched |
Watching |
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Write/ WriteS Menulis |
Wrote |
Written |
Writing |
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Play/PlayS Bermain |
Played |
Played |
Playing |
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Pass /Passes Lulus |
Passed |
Passed |
Passing |
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Do/Does Mengerjakan |
Did |
Done |
Doing |
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1.Perubahan Tense
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Direct Speech |
Indirect Speech |
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1 |
Simple Present Tense (V1)
She said ,” I watch TV everyday”
Dia berkata, "Saya menonton TV setiap hari" |
Simple Past Tense (V2)
She said that she watched TV everyday
Dia mengatakan bahwa dia menonton TV setiap hari |
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2 |
Simple Past Tense (V2)
She said ,” I watched TV yesterday” Dia berkata, "Saya menonton TV kemarin" |
Past Perfect Tense (had +V3)
She said that She had watched TV the day before Dia mengatakan bahwa Dia telah menonton TV sehari sebelumnya |
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3 |
Present Cont Tense (is/are+ Ving) She said ,” I am watching TV now” Dia berkata, "Saya sedang menonton TV sekarang"
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Past Cont Tense ( was/were + Ving) She said that she was watching TV then Dia mengatakan bahwa dia sedang menonton TV |
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4 |
Past Continous Tense ( was/were+Ving) She said ,” I was watching TV ” Dia berkata, “Saya sedang menonton TV |
Past Perfect Continous ( had been+ving) She said that she had been watching TV Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah menonton TV |
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5 |
Present Future ( Will+ V1) She said ,” I will watch TV tomorrow” Dia berkata, "Saya akan menonton TV besok" |
Past Future Tense (Would + V1) She said that she would watch TV the next day Dia mengatakan bahwa dia akan menonton TV keesokan harinya |
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6 |
Present Perfect Tense (have+V3) She said ,” I have watched TV today” Dia berkata, "Saya telah menonton TV hari ini" |
Past Perfect Tense ( had + V3) She said that she had watched TV that day Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah menonton TV hari itu
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7 |
Present Perfect Cont Tense (have been + Ving)
She said ,” I had been watching TV”
Dia berkata, "Saya telah menonton TV" |
Past Perfect Cont Tense ( had been + Ving )
She said that she had been watching TV
Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah menonton TV |
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2.Perubahan Keterangan Waktu
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1 |
Today Hari ini |
That day Hari itu |
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2 |
Now Sekarang |
Then Kemudian |
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3 |
Tomorrow Besok |
The following day Hari berikutnya The next day Hari berikutnya |
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4 |
Next week Minggu depan |
The week after Seminggu setelah The following week Minggu berikutnya |
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5 |
Yesterday Kemarin |
The day before Sehari sebelum |
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6 |
Last week. Minggu lalu. |
The week before Seminggu sebelumnya The previous week Minggu sebelumnya |
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7 |
A week ago Seminggu yang lalu |
A week before Seminggu sebelumnya The previous week. Minggu sebelumnya |
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3.Perubahan Keterangan Tempat
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1 |
Here Disini |
There Disana |
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2 |
This Ini |
That Itu |
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3 |
These Ini |
Those Itu |
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4.Perubahan Modal
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1 |
Will Akan |
Would Akan |
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2 |
Can Bisa |
Could Bisa |
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3 |
May Mungkin |
Might Mungkin |
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4 |
Must Harus |
Had to Harus |
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Indirect Speech dengan Kata Tanya
Maka kalimat tanya dirubah menjadi kalimat berita
S1 + asked + WH + S2 + V wondered wanted to know |
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1 |
He asked me “ Where did you watch TV yesterday?” Dia bertanya kepada saya " Dimana Anda menonton TV kemarin ?" |
He asked me where I had watched TV the day before. Dia bertanya padaku di mana aku telah menonton TV sehari sebelumnya. |
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2 |
He asked me “ When do you go to school ?’ Dia bertanya padaku "Kapan kamu pergi ke sekolah?" |
He asked me when I went to school. Dia bertanya padaku kapan aku pergi ke sekolah. |
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3 |
He asked me “ What are you doing here ?” Dia bertanya padaku "Apa yang kamu lakukan di sini?" |
He asked me what I was doing there Dia bertanya apa yang saya lakukan di sana |
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Indirect Speech dengan pertanyaan jawaban Yes / No
Pertanyaan yang dimulai dengan Kata kerja bantu diawal kalimat:
Maka kata kerja pengantarnya :
If / Whether ( apakah)
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1 |
He asked me “ Are you happy here ?” Dia bertanya padaku, "Apakah kamu senang di sini?" |
He asked me whether I was happy there Dia bertanya padaku apakah aku bahagia di sana |
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2 |
He asked me “ Did you study english last night ? ” Dia bertanya kepada saya, “Apakah kamu belajar bahasa Inggris tadi malam? ” |
He asked me whether I studied english the night before Dia bertanya padaku apakah aku belajar bahasa Inggris pada malam sebelumnya |
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3 |
Anton asked me,” Do you like a glass of milk ? Anton tanya padaku, “Apakah kamu suka segelas susu? |
Anton asked me whether I liked a glass of milk Anton bertanya padaku apakah aku suka segelas susu |
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Indirect speech berbentuk Perintah ( Imperative) /Larangan
Rumus : S + Imperative + to + V1 ( positive) not + to V1 ( negative)
Kata Pengantar Imperative :
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1 |
My teacher said ,” Clean the the board !” Guru saya berkata, "Bersihkan papan!" |
Father asked me to clean the board Ayah memintaku untuk membersihkan papan |
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2 |
Mother said ,” Don’t forget to bring an umbrella !” Ibu berkata, "Jangan lupa bawa payung!" |
Mother asked me not to forget to bring an umbrella Ibu memintaku untuk tidak lupa membawa payung |
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Catatan : Jika kalimat pengantarnya present ( says) maka tenses didalam Indirect Speech tidak mengalami perubahan tense
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1 |
Ridwan says ,” I am happy” |
Ridwan says (that) she is happy |
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Verb Related to Direct & Indirect Speech Kata kerja berkaitan dengan Kalimat Langsung dan Tidak Langsung
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1 |
Advise-Advised-Advised |
Tiba |
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2 |
Allow-Allowed-Allowed |
Mengizinkan |
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3 |
Accompany-Accompanied-Accompanied
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Menemani |
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4 |
Arrive - Arrived – Arived |
Datang |
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5 |
Ask-Asked-Asked |
Menanyakan |
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6 |
Attack - Attacked – Attacked |
Menyerang |
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7 |
Attend - Attended –Attended |
Menghadiri |
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8 |
Beg-Begged-Begged |
Meminta |
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9 |
Buy-Bought-Bought |
Membeli |
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10 |
Borrow- Borrowed-Borrowed |
Meminjam |
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11 |
Call-Called-Called
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Memangil |
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12 |
Catch - Caught – Caught |
Menangkap |
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13 |
Come - Came – Come |
Datang |
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14 |
Cook-Cooked-Cooked |
Memasak |
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15 |
Cover - Covered – Covered |
Menutup |
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16 |
Deliver-Dilivered-Delivered |
Minum |
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17 |
Drink - Drank – Drunk |
Minum |
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18 |
Drive- Drove –Driven |
Mengendarai |
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19 |
Eat - Ate – Eaten |
Makan |
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20 |
Enjoy-Enjoyed-Enjoyed |
Masuk |
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21 |
Enter - Entered – Entered |
Memasuki |
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22 |
Fail - Failed – Failed |
Gagal |
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23 |
Finish - Finished – Finished |
Menyelesaikan |
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24 |
Fly-Flew-Flown |
Terbang |
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25 |
Forget-Forgot –Forgotten |
Melupakan |
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26 |
Give - Gave – Given |
Memberi |
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27 |
Go - Went – Gone |
Pergi |
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28 |
Get-Got _ Gotten |
Memperoleh |
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29 |
Hear-Heard -Heard
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Mendengar |
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30 |
Help - Helped – Helped |
Membantu |
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31 |
Invite - Invited –Invited |
Mengundang |
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32 |
Know - Knew – Known |
Mengetahui |
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33 |
Keep-Kept-Kept |
Menjaga |
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34 |
Live-Lived-Lived |
Mengirim surat |
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35 |
Mail-Mailed-Mailed |
Mengeposkan |
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36 |
Make-Made-Made |
Membuat |
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37 |
Need - Needed – Needed |
Memelukan |
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38 |
Order- Ordered – Ordered |
Memesan |
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39 |
Play-Played-Played |
Merencanakan |
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40 |
Plan - Planned – Planned |
Merencanakan |
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41 |
Read-Read-read |
Membaca |
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42 |
Remember - Remembered –Remembered
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Mengingat |
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43 |
Return-Returned-Returned |
Mengembalikan |
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44 |
Say - Said – Said |
Mengatakan |
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45 |
Scream-Screamed-Screamed |
Berteriak |
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46 |
See - Saw –Seen |
Melihat |
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47 |
Send - Sent – Sent |
Mengirim |
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48 |
Sing - Sang – Sung |
Menyayi |
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49 |
Sleep - Slept – Slept |
Tidur |
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50 |
Speak - Spoke – Spoken |
Berbicara |
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51 |
Stare-Stared-Stared |
Menatap |
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52 |
Stay-Stayed-Stayed |
Tinggal |
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53 |
Stop-Stopped-stopped |
Berhenti |
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54 |
Study-Studied-Studied |
Belajar |
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55 |
Take-Took-Taken |
Membawa |
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56 |
Talk-Talked-Talked |
Berbicara |
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57 |
Tell-Told-told |
Menceritakan |
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59 |
Think-Thought –Thought |
Berpikir |
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60 |
Turn -Turned –Turned |
Berubah |
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61 |
Understand-Understood-Understood |
Mengerti |
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62 |
Visit-Visited-Visited |
Menang |
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63 |
Want-Wanted-Wanted |
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64 |
Watch-Watched-Watched
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Menonton |
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65 |
Win -Won –Won |
Menang |
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66 |
Warn-Warned-Warned
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Memperingatkan |
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67 |
Wonder-Wondered-Wondered |
Heran |
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68 |
Work-Worked-Worked |
Bekerja |
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Alamat kami :
Gadjah Mada English School ( GMES)
Jl. Kadipaten Kulon No. 27 B , Kraton Yogyakarta
Phone / HP/ WA : 0812 274 7050
Website : gmesenglish.blogspot.com
Bantuan Transportasi :
Google Map : tulis “ gmes english “ GO-JEK : tulis “ gmes english ” Grab : tulis ” gmes english ” Alamat kami :
Gadjah Mada English School ( GMES)
Jl. Kadipaten Kulon No. 27 B , Kraton Yogyakarta
Phone / HP/ WA : 0812 274 7050
Website : gmesenglish.blogspot.com
Bantuan Transportasi :
Google Map : tulis “ gmes english “ Gojek : tulis “ gmes english ” Grab : tulis ” gmes english ”
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