INFINITIVE
Infinitive adalah Kata Kerja bentuk pertama ( Verb 1 ) yang masih murni dan belum ada tambahan.
Ada 2 bentuk infinitive
================================ Mr. Robert ordered John to clean the board
S V O to Infinitive
Pak Robert memerintah John untuk membersihkan papan
=========== Bandingkan ===============
John was ordered to clean the board by Mr. John S Be V3 to infinitive John diperintah untuk membersihkan papan oleh Pak Robert
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To clean - Clean - Cleaned - Cleaned - Cleaning
To play - Play - Played - Played - Playing To write - Write - Wrote - written - Writing
To V1 V1 V 2 V3 Ving
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A.1
To Infinitive sebagai object setelah kata kerja tertentu
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1 |
Advise + (Object) + to |
Menasehati... untuk.. |
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2 |
Afford + to |
Mengusahakan untuk |
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3 |
Agree + to |
Menyetujui untuk |
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4 |
Appear + to |
Muncul |
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5 |
Attemp + to |
Berusaha |
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6 |
Allow + (Object) + to |
Mengijinkan untuk |
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7 |
Arrange + to |
Mengatur |
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8 |
Ask + (Object) + to |
Meminta... untuk |
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9 |
Beg + (O) + to |
Meminta... untuk |
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10 |
Care + to |
Peduli |
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11 |
Cause + (O) + to |
Menyebabkan |
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12 |
Challenge + (O) + to |
Menantang |
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13 |
Claim + to |
Menuntut |
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14 |
Command + to |
Memerintah untuk |
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15 |
Compel + to |
Memaksa untuk |
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16 |
Consent + to |
Menyetujui |
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17 |
Convince + (O) + to |
Meyakinkan.. untuk... |
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19 |
Decide + to |
Memutuskan untuk... |
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20 |
Demand + to |
Meminta untuk.. |
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21 |
Deserve + to |
Pantas untuk... |
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22 |
Desire + to |
Menginginka |
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23 |
Encourage + (O) + to |
Mendorong... untuk... |
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24 |
Expect +(O) + to |
Mengharapkan |
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25 |
Fail + to |
Gagal untuk.. |
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26 |
Forbid + (O) + to |
Melarang... untuk |
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27 |
Force+ (O) + to |
Memaksa...untuk |
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28 |
Hesitate + to |
Ragu ragu untuk.. |
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29 |
Hire + (O) + to |
Menyewa |
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30 |
Hope + to |
Mengharapkan untuk... |
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31 |
Intend + (O)+ to |
Bermaksud... untuk.. |
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32 |
Instruct + (O)+ to |
Memerintahkan... untuk.. |
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33 |
Invite +( O) + to |
Mengundang... untuk... |
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34 |
Learn + to |
Belajar untuk... |
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35 |
Like + to |
Suka |
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36 |
Manage + to |
Berusaha untuk.. |
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37 |
Mean + to |
Bermakasud untuk.. |
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38 |
Need + (O) + to |
Membutuhkan |
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39 |
Offer + to |
Menawarkan |
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40 |
Order + (O) + to |
Menyuruh |
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41 |
Permit + (O) + to |
Mengijinkan |
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42 |
Persuade + (O) + to |
Membujuk |
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43 |
Plan + to |
Merencanakan |
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44 |
Prepare + to |
Mempersiapkan |
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45 |
Pretend + to |
Berpura –pura |
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46 |
Propose + to |
Mengusulakan |
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47 |
Promise + (O) + to |
Berjanji untuk |
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48 |
Refuse + to |
Menolak untuk |
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49 |
Remind + (O) + to |
Mengingatkan |
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50 |
Require + (O) + to |
Memerlukan |
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51 |
Seem + to |
Tampaknya |
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52 |
Send + (O) + to |
Mengirimkan.. untuk |
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53 |
Strive + to |
Berjuang untuk... |
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54 |
Struggle + to |
Berjuang |
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55 |
Swear + to |
Bersumpah |
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56 |
Teach + (O) + to |
Mengajar |
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57 |
Tell + (O) + to |
Memberitahu |
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58 |
Tend + to |
Cenderung |
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59 |
Threaten + to |
Mengancam |
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60 |
Urge + (O) + to |
Mendesak |
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61 |
Volunteer + to |
Bersuka rela |
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62 |
Wait + to |
Menunggu |
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63 |
Want + (O) + to |
Menginginkan |
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64 |
Warn + (O) + to |
Memperingatkan |
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65 |
Wish + to |
Berharap untuk... |
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66 |
Would like + to |
Sukai |
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67 |
Wish + (O) + to |
Mengharapkan |
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He decided to wash the plate Dia memutuskan ( untuk) mencuci piring. I learned to swim in the big river Saya belajar (untuk) berenang di sungai besar
My father agreed to buy a new car Saya setuju (untuk) membeli kamus baru
They want to study english Mereka ingin (untuk) belajar bahasa inggris
John promised to meet you John berjanji ( untuk) bertemu kamu
Bandingkan :
The driver was ordered to stop Pengemudi itu diperintahkan (untuk) berhenti
The police order the bus driver to stop Polisi memeerintahkan pengemudi bus itu berhenti
He expected to win the game Dia berharap untuk memenangkan pertandingan
The coach expected him to win the game Pelatih mengharapkan dia untuk memenangkan pertandingan
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A.2
To Infinitive setelah kata sifat ( adjective) tertentu
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1 |
Able to V1 |
Mampu untuk.... |
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2 |
Afraid to V1 |
Takut untuk... |
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3 |
Anxious |
Cemas |
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4 |
Amazed |
Heran |
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5 |
Ashamed |
Malu |
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6 |
Astonished |
Heran |
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7 |
Boring |
Bosan |
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8 |
Careful |
Hati hati |
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9 |
Certain |
Pasti |
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10 |
Common |
Biasa |
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11 |
Dangerous |
Bahaya |
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12 |
Delighted |
Gembira |
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13 |
Determined |
Tekun |
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14 |
Difficult |
Sulit |
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15 |
Disappointed |
Kecewa |
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16 |
Eager |
Ingin sekali |
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17 |
Easy |
Mudah |
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18 |
Useful |
Bermanfaat |
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19 |
Fortune |
Beruntung |
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20 |
Good |
Baik |
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21 |
Glad |
Senang |
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22 |
Happy |
Gembira |
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23 |
Hasitant |
Ragu ragu |
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24 |
Helpful |
Berguna |
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25 |
Long |
Lama |
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26 |
Lucky |
Mujur |
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27 |
Motivated |
Terdorong |
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28 |
Ready |
Siap |
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29 |
Reluctant |
Segan |
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30 |
Pleased |
Senang |
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31 |
Proud |
Bangga |
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32 |
Prepared |
Siap |
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33 |
Relieved |
Bebas |
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34 |
Sad |
Sedih |
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35 |
Shocked |
Mengejutkan |
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36 |
Sorry |
Menyesal |
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37 |
Stunned |
Bingung |
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38 |
Surprised |
Terkejut |
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39 |
Upset |
Tersingung |
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40 |
Usual |
Biasa |
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41 |
Willing |
Rela |
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42 |
Wrong |
Salah |
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43 |
Young |
Muda |
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Contoh :
She is glad to meet you Dia senang (untuk) bertemu kamu
English is easy to learn Bahasa inggris mudah ( untuk) dipelajari
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A.3
Waspada :
Kata yang dapat diikuti + to V1 atau Ving --- maknanya sama ==================
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1 |
Advise |
Menasehati |
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2 |
Begin |
Memulai |
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3 |
Continue |
Melanjutkan |
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4 |
Dislike |
Tidak suka |
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5 |
Hate |
Benci |
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6 |
Intend |
Bermaksud |
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7 |
Like |
Menyukui |
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8 |
Love |
Mencintai |
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9 |
Prefer |
Lebih suka |
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10 |
Propose |
Mengusulkan |
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11 |
Start |
Memulai |
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Contoh : He started to study english at 9 o’clock
He started studying english at 9 o’clock Dia mulai belajar bahasa inggris jam 9 ================= Dewi continued to play a guitar at home
Dewi continued playing a guitar at home Dewi mulai bermain gitar di rumah
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Waspada :
A.4.
Kata yang diikuti to + V1 atau Ving berbeda makna
Ving --- sudah terjadi --- lihat materi Gerund To V1 --- untuk... (belum terjadi ) --- materi to infinitive
Jumlah tidak banyak yang sering keluar di soal ada 5 kata dibawah ini
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1 |
Stop |
Menghentikan |
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2 |
Remember |
Mengingat |
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3 |
Try |
Berusaha |
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4 |
Forget |
Lupa |
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5 |
Regret |
Menyesal |
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Linda forgot inviting Rudi at her party Linda lupa (telah) mengundang Rudi di pestanya --- terlanjur diundang padahal tidak diharapkan
Linda forgot to invite John at her party Linda lupa untuk mengundang John di pestanya --- belum diundang padahal ybs diharapkan
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B
Infinitive without to Infinitive tanpa to V1 saja
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B.1. Infinitive tanpa to setelah Modal/Auxiliary
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1 |
Will /Would + V1 |
Akan |
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2 |
Can/Could + V1 |
Dapat |
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3 |
Shall /Should |
Akan |
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4 |
May/Might + V1 |
Mungkin |
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5 |
Must + V1 |
Harus |
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Contoh : Iwan will (play - plays - played - playing) a guitar
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B2. Infinitive tanpa to stlh do/does/did + (not) + V1
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1 |
Do + (not) + V1 |
Melakukan |
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2 |
Does + ( not) + V1 |
Melakukan |
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3 |
Did + ( not) + V1 |
Melakukan |
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Contoh : He didn’t ( write – writes -wrote – written ) a letter
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B.3 Infintive tanpa to stlh kata kerja tertentu + O +V1
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1 |
Has/have/had |
Menyuruh |
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2 |
Make/made |
Membuat |
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3 |
Help /helped |
Membantu |
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4 |
Let |
Membiarkan |
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5 |
Know/knew/known |
Mengetahui |
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Contoh :
Mother has Ratna (sweep – swept –sweeping ) the floor Ibu menyuruh Ratna menyapu lantai
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B.4. Infinitive tanpa to stlh kata kerja ttt +(not)+ V1
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1 |
Need not |
Tidak perlu |
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2 |
Dare not |
Tidak berani |
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3 |
Would rather |
Lebih memilih |
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4 |
Would sooner |
Lebih suka |
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5 |
Had better |
Lebih baik |
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Cpntoh :
I had better ( play - played - playing) a guitar than a piano
Saya lebih baik bermain gitar dari pada piano
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B.5 Setelah Kata kait panca Indra ( Verb Panca Indra)
B.5.1. S +Verb Panca Inda + O + V1 ---dari awal sampai akhir B.5.2. S + Verb Panca indra + O + Ving --- sebagian saja
Jumlah tidak banyak yang sering dan keluar di dibawah ini
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1 |
See/saw/seen |
melihat |
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2 |
Watch/watched |
menonton |
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3 |
Notice |
Melihat |
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4 |
Look at |
Melihat |
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5 |
Find |
Melihat/ menemukan |
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6 |
Hear |
Mendengar |
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7 |
Listen to |
mendengarkan |
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8 |
Smell /smelt |
Mencium |
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9 |
Taste |
mecicipi |
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10 |
Feel |
Merasa |
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S +Verb Panca Inda + O + V1 ---dari awal sampai akhir
I saw him swim in the river Saya melihat dia berenang di sungai
================= S + Verb Panca indra + O + Ving --- sebagian saja I saw him swimming in the river Saya melihat dia (sedang) berenang di sungai
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Catatan lain :
To criticize is very easy S V Complement Mengkritik itu sangat mudah
I got something to do Saya mendapat sesuatu untuk dilakukan
I go to the shop to buy a bottle of milk Saya pergi ke toko untuk membeli sebotol susu
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Contoh soal :
1. The text is too long .... with ten minutues
2. My parents advised my sister ......english
The naughty boy makes her ...
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