Kamis, 06 Desember 2018

Direct and Indirect Speech , Kalimat Langsung dan Tidak Langsung Dalam Bahasa Inggris

 

Direct and Indirect

Speech

Kalimat Langsung dan Tidak Langsung

 

Direct Speech ( Kalimat langsung) adalah kalimat yang diucapkan langung oleh pembicara dan ditulis apa adanya.

 

Indirect Speech adalah Kalimat tidak langsung.

 

 

 

Rumus :  Indirect Speech

 

S + RV + (that) +.......

 

Reporting Verb /RV( Kata kerja pengantar) :

 

  1. Said ( mengatakan)
  2. Told ( mengatakan)
  3. Informed ( memberitahukan)
  4. Explained ( menjelaskan )

 

She said ,” I watched TV yesterday.”

Dia berkata, "Saya menonton TV kemarin."

 

She said  that She had watched TV the day before .

Dia mengatakan bahwa Dia telah menonton TV sehari sebelumnya.

 

Catatan :

  1. Sebelum merubah dari kalimat Langsung menjadi tidak langsung maka siswa harus tahu perubahan Verb ,Tempat dan Pronoun
  2. Bila Kata Kerja Pengantar dalam bentuk  Past /lampau/ V2 maka untuk Indirect Speechnya mengalami perubahan tenses
  3. Bila Kata Kerja Pengantar dalam bentuk  Present / V1 maka untuk indirect speechnya tidak  mengalami perubahan tenses

 

 

 

Verb ( Kata Kerja)

 

V1

V2

V3

Ving

Answer/answers

Menjawab

Answered

Answered

Answering

Study/StudieS

Belajar

Studied

Studied

Studying

Watch/Watches

Menonton

Watched

Watched

Watching

Write/ WriteS

Menulis

Wrote

Written

Writing

Play/PlayS

Bermain

Played

Played

Playing

Pass /Passes

Lulus

Passed

Passed

Passing

Do/Does

Mengerjakan

Did

Done

Doing

 

 

 

1.Perubahan Tense

 

 

Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

1

Simple Present

Tense

(V1)

 

She said ,” I watch TV everyday”

 

Dia berkata, "Saya menonton TV setiap hari"

Simple Past

Tense

(V2)

 

She said  that she watched TV everyday

 

Dia mengatakan bahwa dia menonton TV setiap hari

2

Simple Past Tense

(V2)

 

She said ,” I watched TV yesterday”

Dia berkata, "Saya menonton TV kemarin"

Past Perfect Tense

(had +V3)

 

She said  that She had watched TV the day before

Dia mengatakan bahwa Dia telah menonton TV sehari sebelumnya

3

Present Cont Tense

(is/are+ Ving)

She said ,” I  am watching TV now” 

Dia berkata, "Saya sedang menonton TV sekarang"

 

Past Cont Tense

( was/were + Ving)

She said  that she was  watching  TV then  

Dia mengatakan bahwa dia sedang menonton TV

4

Past Continous

Tense

( was/were+Ving)

She said ,” I  was watching TV ”

Dia berkata, “Saya sedang menonton TV

Past Perfect

Continous

( had been+ving)

She said  that she had been watching  TV

Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah menonton TV  

5

Present Future

( Will+ V1)                           

She said ,” I  will watch TV tomorrow”

Dia berkata, "Saya akan menonton TV besok"

Past Future Tense

(Would + V1)

She said  that she would watch TV the next day

Dia mengatakan bahwa dia akan menonton TV keesokan harinya

6

Present Perfect

Tense

(have+V3)

She said ,” I  have watched TV today

Dia berkata, "Saya telah menonton TV hari ini"

Past Perfect

Tense

( had + V3)

She said  that she had watched TV that day

Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah menonton TV hari itu

 

7

Present Perfect Cont Tense

(have been + Ving)

 

She said  ,” I  had been watching TV

 

Dia berkata, "Saya telah menonton TV"

Past Perfect Cont Tense

( had been + Ving )

 

She said  that she had  been watching TV

 

Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah menonton TV

 

2.Perubahan Keterangan Waktu

 

1

Today

Hari ini

That day

Hari itu

2

Now

Sekarang

Then

Kemudian

3

Tomorrow

Besok

The following day

Hari berikutnya

The next day

Hari berikutnya

4

Next week

Minggu depan

The week after

Seminggu setelah

The following week

Minggu berikutnya

5

Yesterday

Kemarin

The day before

Sehari sebelum

6

Last week.

Minggu lalu.

The week before

Seminggu sebelumnya

The previous week

Minggu sebelumnya

7

A week ago

Seminggu yang lalu

A week before

Seminggu sebelumnya

The previous week.

Minggu sebelumnya

 

3.Perubahan Keterangan Tempat

 

1

Here

Disini

There

Disana

2

This

Ini

That

Itu

3

These

Ini

Those

Itu

 

4.Perubahan  Modal

 

1

Will

Akan

Would

Akan

2

Can

Bisa

Could

Bisa

3

May

Mungkin

Might

Mungkin

4

Must

Harus

Had to

Harus

 

Indirect Speech dengan Kata Tanya

 

  1. What ( apa)
  2. When ( kapan)
  3. Whom ( dengan siapa)
  4. Which ( yang mana)
  5. How ( bagaimana)

Maka kalimat tanya dirubah menjadi kalimat berita

 

S1 +  asked                          + WH + S2  + V

         wondered

         wanted to know

1

He asked me “ Where did you watch TV yesterday?”

Dia bertanya kepada saya " Dimana Anda menonton TV kemarin ?"

He asked me where I had  watched TV the day before.

Dia bertanya padaku di mana aku telah  menonton TV sehari sebelumnya.

2

He asked me “ When do you go to school ?’

Dia bertanya padaku "Kapan kamu pergi ke sekolah?"

He asked me  when I went to school.

Dia bertanya padaku kapan aku pergi ke sekolah.

3

He asked me “ What are you doing here ?”

Dia bertanya padaku "Apa yang kamu lakukan di sini?"

He asked me what I was  doing there

Dia bertanya apa yang saya lakukan di sana

 

 

 

 

Indirect Speech dengan pertanyaan

jawaban Yes / No

 

Pertanyaan yang  dimulai  dengan Kata kerja bantu diawal kalimat:

  1. Do/does/did (apakah)
  2. Is/am/are/was/were ( apakah)
  3. Has/have/had ( telahkah)
  4. Will/would (akankah)
  5. Can/could ( dapatkah)
  6. May/might ( bolehkah)
  7. Must ( haruskah)

 

Maka kata kerja pengantarnya :

 

If / Whether ( apakah)

 

1

He asked me “  Are you happy  here ?”

Dia bertanya padaku, "Apakah kamu senang di sini?"

He asked me  whether I was  happy  there  

Dia bertanya padaku apakah aku bahagia di sana

2

He asked me “  Did you study english last night ?

Dia bertanya kepada saya, “Apakah kamu belajar bahasa Inggris tadi malam? ”

He asked me whether I studied english the night before

Dia bertanya padaku apakah aku belajar bahasa Inggris pada malam sebelumnya

3

Anton asked me,” Do you like a glass of milk ?

Anton tanya padaku, “Apakah kamu suka segelas susu?

Anton asked me whether I liked a glass of milk

Anton bertanya padaku apakah aku suka segelas susu

 

Indirect speech berbentuk

Perintah ( Imperative) /Larangan

 

Rumus :

S + Imperative   + to + V1 ( positive)

                              not + to V1 ( negative)

 

 

Kata Pengantar Imperative :

  1. Ordered ( memerintah) ,
  2. Asked ( meminta),
  3. Told (memberi tahu),
  4. Begged ( memohon)

1

My teacher said ,” Clean the the board  !”

Guru saya berkata, "Bersihkan papan!"

Father asked me to clean the board

Ayah memintaku untuk membersihkan papan

2

Mother said ,” Don’t forget to bring an umbrella !”

Ibu berkata, "Jangan lupa bawa payung!"

Mother asked me not to forget to bring an umbrella

Ibu memintaku untuk tidak lupa membawa payung

 

 

 

Catatan :

Jika kalimat pengantarnya present ( says) maka  tenses didalam Indirect Speech tidak mengalami perubahan tense

 

1

Ridwan says ,” I am happy”

Ridwan says (that) she is happy

 

 

Verb Related to Direct & Indirect Speech

Kata kerja berkaitan dengan  

Kalimat Langsung dan Tidak Langsung

 

1

Advise-Advised-Advised

Tiba

2

Allow-Allowed-Allowed

Mengizinkan

3

Accompany-Accompanied-Accompanied

 

Menemani

4

Arrive - Arrived – Arived

Datang

5

Ask-Asked-Asked

Menanyakan

6

Attack - Attacked – Attacked

Menyerang

7

Attend - Attended –Attended

Menghadiri

8

Beg-Begged-Begged

Meminta

9

Buy-Bought-Bought

Membeli

10

Borrow- Borrowed-Borrowed

Meminjam

11

Call-Called-Called

 

Memangil

12

Catch - Caught – Caught

Menangkap

13

Come - Came – Come

Datang

14

Cook-Cooked-Cooked

Memasak

15

Cover - Covered – Covered

Menutup

16

Deliver-Dilivered-Delivered

Minum

17

Drink - Drank – Drunk

Minum

18

Drive- Drove –Driven

Mengendarai

19

Eat - Ate – Eaten

Makan

20

Enjoy-Enjoyed-Enjoyed

Masuk

21

Enter - Entered – Entered

Memasuki

22

Fail - Failed – Failed

Gagal

23

Finish - Finished – Finished

Menyelesaikan

24

Fly-Flew-Flown

Terbang

25

Forget-Forgot –Forgotten

Melupakan

26

Give - Gave – Given

Memberi

27

Go - Went – Gone

Pergi

28

Get-Got _ Gotten

Memperoleh

29

Hear-Heard -Heard        

 

Mendengar

30

Help - Helped – Helped

Membantu

31

Invite - Invited –Invited

Mengundang

32

Know - Knew – Known

Mengetahui

33

Keep-Kept-Kept

Menjaga

34

Live-Lived-Lived

Mengirim surat

35

Mail-Mailed-Mailed

Mengeposkan

36

Make-Made-Made

Membuat

37

Need - Needed – Needed

Memelukan

38

Order- Ordered – Ordered

Memesan

39

Play-Played-Played

Merencanakan

40

Plan - Planned – Planned

Merencanakan

41

Read-Read-read

Membaca

42

Remember - Remembered –Remembered

 

Mengingat

43

Return-Returned-Returned

Mengembalikan

44

Say - Said – Said

Mengatakan

45

Scream-Screamed-Screamed

Berteriak

46

See - Saw –Seen

Melihat

47

Send - Sent – Sent

Mengirim

48

Sing - Sang – Sung

Menyayi

49

Sleep - Slept – Slept

Tidur

50

Speak - Spoke – Spoken

Berbicara

51

Stare-Stared-Stared

Menatap

52

Stay-Stayed-Stayed

Tinggal

53

Stop-Stopped-stopped

Berhenti

54

Study-Studied-Studied

Belajar

55

Take-Took-Taken

Membawa

56

Talk-Talked-Talked

Berbicara

57

Tell-Told-told

Menceritakan

59

Think-Thought –Thought

Berpikir

60

Turn -Turned –Turned

Berubah

61

Understand-Understood-Understood

Mengerti

62

Visit-Visited-Visited

Menang

63

Want-Wanted-Wanted

 

64

Watch-Watched-Watched

 

Menonton

65

Win -Won –Won

Menang

66

Warn-Warned-Warned

 

Memperingatkan

67

Wonder-Wondered-Wondered

Heran

68

Work-Worked-Worked

Bekerja

 

                                                                   

 

 

 

Alamat kami :

 

Gadjah Mada English School ( GMES)

 

Jl. Kadipaten Kulon No. 27 B , Kraton

Yogyakarta

 

Phone / HP/ WA : 0812 274 7050

 

Website : gmesenglish.blogspot.com

         

Bantuan Transportasi :

 

Google Map          : tulis “ gmes english “

GO-JEK                 : tulis “ gmes english ”

Grab                       : tulis ” gmes english ”

Alamat kami :

 

Gadjah Mada English School ( GMES)

 

Jl. Kadipaten Kulon No. 27 B , Kraton

Yogyakarta

 

Phone / HP/ WA : 0812 274 7050

 

Website : gmesenglish.blogspot.com

         

Bantuan Transportasi :

 

Google Map          : tulis “ gmes english “

Gojek                    : tulis “ gmes english ”

Grab                       : tulis ” gmes english ”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

" A Man Without Ambition is Like A Bird Without Wings , Manusia tanpa cita cita bagaikan seekor burung tanpa sayap" 

Test Tag break
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